Derecho administrativo y ciudades inteligentes: La reconfiguración de las libertades públicas y la refundación de la igualdad

Por Grenfieth de J. Sierra Cadena

¿Cuál es el rol del derecho y de la administración en la reconfiguración de las ciudades a escala mundial, en especial desde una noción como la de ciudad inteligente? A partir de este interrogante, este libro propone reflexionar sobre los nuevos conceptos y dispositivos tanto jurídicos como tecnológicos que repercuten en el derecho administrativo y en la administración pública. En particular, los ligados a las nuevas tecnologías, como la big data y la inteligencia artificial, y cómo ellos afectan la participación política del ciudadano en el gobierno abierto, la movilidad, la integración social de grupos excluidos por género o discapacidad, las ciudades ecosostenibles y las dinámicas de la administración local y la propia definición de ciudad. Las preguntas acá planteadas representan los primeros riesgos jurídicos identificados que puede conllevar la implementación de "ciudad inteligente". Y allí es donde el derecho administrativo debe comenzar a mutar en sus conceptos para prevenir jurídica y técnicamente la construcción de grupos sociales desiguales desde la falsa idea de la neutralidad tecnológica y la eficiencia económica o energética.

• Idioma: Español
• Editorial: Editorial Universidad del Rosario
• Fecha de lanzamiento: 30 abr 2021
• ISBN: 9789587846461

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The Smart Green Communities in the Informational City

William Gilles

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On the 50th anniversary of the OECD, the Secretary-General of this organization highlighted that "we need growth without environmental damage and without worsening social inequalities and regional imbalances. That means taking a path radically different from that of the countries that industrialized in the 19th and 20th centuries"¹.

The development of smart green communities attempts to meet this challenge by helping local governments to reconcile economic growth and environmental concerns. The digital society has created a new context that could help governments to reach this objective as local authorities can increase the efficiency of their environment policies thanks to the information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICTs can play a significant role to improve the carbon footprint of cities by moving to a more intelligent use of energy², but not only in this sector. According to the European Union, "it is clear that ICT should be the connection to enable exploitation of potential synergies among the various ‘smart’ realms of activity that will all help achieve carbon neutrality in cities. These realms include energy in buildings, electric mobility, eHealth, eCare, and eGovernance"³. In this context, smart city solutions should generate a global market of USD 408 billion by 2020, of which a quarter should concern solution design, research and engineering services⁴.

The reason of this significant role of new technologies in smart green projects is that ICTs are "the ‘innovation gene’ for smart cities, the core source for the interoperable networked application that break the barrier between industry and the public sector to bring tangible improvement to people’s lives"⁵. This may explain why 28 European cities⁶ have signed the Green digital charter launched by the European Union in 2009. In this Charter, which is a response to recommendations of the European Commission⁷, mayors and leaders of those European cities acknowledge that "information and communication technologies are critical enablers for sustainable growth and must be integrated into the work of European cities to mitigate climate change; that European good practices for low-emissions ICT must be based on the practical experience of public authorities who can set an example for others; and that cities can lead Europe in maximizing the potential for ICT to reduce emissions, by delivering innovative technical solutions and encouraging behavioral change,⁸ the signatories of the Charter commit among others to develop cities as platforms for innovation in order to favor low carbon activities, to serve as an example for the private sector and the wider community in the green digital agenda by developing their own ICT infrastructure and digital services with the smallest carbon footprint, and to support the development of open innovation and low carbon activities⁹. Finally, the signatory cities aim to decrease ICT direct carbon footprint per city by 30 % by 2020."

This objective, however, should not be pursued only by cities, but more generally by communities. The reduction of the carbon footprint or the will to benefit from the smartness of the smart green projects should not be reserved to cities and urban areas but should also be a part of the development strategies of rural areas. For this reason, the expression Smart green communities is further