El Arte de la Guerra (Clásicos Universales)

Por Sun Tzu

El arte de la guerra es un libro sobre tácticas y estrategias militares, escrito por Sun Tzu ("Maestro Sun", también llamado Sūnzǐ), un famoso estratega militar chino. Se trata de un antiguo tratado militar chino que data del final del periodo de las primaveras y otoños (aproximadamente del siglo v a. C.). La obra consta de 13 capítulos, cada uno dedicado a un aspecto de la guerra y cómo se aplica a la estrategia y tácticas militares. Durante casi 1500 años fue el texto principal de una antología que se formalizaría como los siete clásicos militares del emperador Song Shenzong en 1080. El arte de la guerra sigue siendo el texto de estrategia más influyente en la guerra de Asia Oriental y ha influido en el pensamiento militar oriental y occidental, así como en las tácticas de negocios y en la estrategia legal, entre otros campos.

• Idioma: Español
• Editorial: Oregan Publishing
• Fecha de lanzamiento: 7 ene 2018
• ISBN: 9782378980054

Sun Tzu

Sun Tzu was a Chinese general and military strategist who lived during the Eastern Zhou period of ancient China. He is credited with writing The Art of War, a study of battlefield tactics with profound insight into human nature that has influenced readers over millennia. Lionel Giles was a British scholar, writer, and philosopher born in 1875. He was assistant curator at the British Museum and is best known for his translations of The Art of War and The Analects of Confucius.

Vista previa del libro

Sobre La Evaluación

Sun Tzu dice: la guerra es de vital importancia para el Estado; es el dominio de la vida o de la muerte, el camino hacia la supervivencia o la pérdida del Imperio: es forzoso manejarla bien. No reflexionar seriamente sobre todo lo que le concierne es dar prueba de una culpable indiferencia en lo que respecta a la conservación o pérdida de lo que nos es mas querido; y ello no debe ocurrir entre nosotros .

Hay que valorarla en términos de cinco factores fundamentales, y hacer comparaciones entre diversas condiciones de los bandos rivales, con vistas a determinar el resultado de la guerra. El primero de estos factores es la doctrina; el segundo, el tiempo; el tercero, el terreno; el cuarto, el mando; y el quinto, la disciplina.

La doctrina significa aquello que hace que el pueblo esté en armonía con su gobernante, de modo que le siga donde sea, sin temer por sus vidas ni a correr cualquier peligro.

El tiempo significa el Ying y el Yang, la noche y el día, el frío y el calor, días despejados o lluviosos, y el cambio de las estaciones.

El terreno implica las distancias, y hace referencia a dónde es fácil o difícil desplazarse, y si es campo abierto o lugares estrechos, y esto influencia las posibilidades de supervivencia.

El mando ha de tener como cualidades: sabiduría, sinceridad, benevolencia, coraje y disciplina.

Por último, la disciplina ha de ser comprendida como la organización del ejército, las graduaciones y rangos entre los oficiales, la regulación de las rutas de suministros, y la provisión de material militar al ejército.

Estos cinco factores fundamentales han de ser conocidos por cada general. Aquel que los domina, vence; aquel que no, sale derrotado. Por lo tanto, al trazar los planes, han de compararse los siguiente siete factores, valorando cada uno con el mayor cuidado:

¿Qué dirigente es más sabio y capaz?

¿Qué comandante posee el mayor talento?

¿Qué ejército obtiene ventajas de la naturaleza y el terreno?

¿En qué ejército se observan mejor las regulaciones y las instrucciones?

¿Qué tropas son más fuertes?

¿Qué ejército tiene oficiales y tropas mejor entrenadas?

¿Qué ejército administra recompensas y castigos de forma más justa?

Mediante el estudio de estos siete factores, seré capaz de adivinar cual de los dos bandos saldrá victorioso y cual será derrotado.

El general que siga mi consejo, es seguro que vencerá. Ese general ha de ser mantenido al mando. Aquel que ignore mi consejo, ciertamente será derrotado. Ese debe ser destituido.

Tras prestar atención a mi consejo y planes, el general debe crear una situación que contribuya a su cumplimiento. Por situación quiero decir que debe tomar en consideración la situación del campo, y actuar de acuerdo con lo que le es ventajoso.

El arte de la guerra se basa en el engaño. Por lo tanto, cuando es capaz de atacar, ha de aparentar incapacidad; cuando las tropas se mueven, aparentar inactividad. Si está cerca del enemigo, ha de hacerle creer que está lejos; si está lejos, aparentar que se está cerca. Poner cebos para atraer al enemigo.

Golpear al enemigo cuando está desordenado. Prepararse contra él cuando está seguro en todas partes. Evitarle durante un tiempo cuando es más fuerte. Si tu oponente tiene un temperamento colérico, intenta irritarle. Si es arrogante, trata de fomentar su egoísmo.

Si las tropas enemigas se hallan bien preparadas tras una reorganización, intenta desordenarlas. Si están unidas, siembra la disensión entre sus filas. Ataca al enemigo cuando no está preparado, y aparece cuando no te espera. Estas son las claves de la victoria para el estratega.

Ahora, si las estimaciones realizadas antes de la batalla indican victoria, es porque los cálculos cuidadosamente realizados muestran que tus condiciones son más favorables que las condiciones del enemigo; si indican derrota, es porque muestran que las condiciones favorables para la batalla son menores. Con una evaluación cuidadosa, uno puede vencer; sin ella, no puede. Muchas menos oportunidades de victoria tendrá aquel que no realiza cálculos en absoluto.

Gracias a este método, se puede examinar la situación, y el resultado aparece claramente.

Sobre La Iniciación De Las Acciones

Una vez comenzada la batalla, aunque estés ganando, de continuar por mucho tiempo, desanimará a tus tropas y embotará tu

Comentarios para El Arte de la Guerra (Clásicos Universales)

[takeitorleaveit_1 · Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas]

you kind of have to read this, yah. so privately canonized.

[bfertig_2 · Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas]

This is a manual and reads like one. Better to take in very small doses, digest and discuss rather than to read continuously.

[dverdecia-1 · Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas]

Tactics and strategies that apply to everyday life. This book is excellent reading to make you think about how to deal with the day to day struggles of life. It helps you position you versus your opponent. Your opponent need not be any one person. It could be a corporation. It could be an establishment. It could be a situation you are facing. I was once told that what you get out of a book is the effort you put into a book. It is my hope that this book can help someone master how they deal with day to day life. Let me know what you think. By the way, how many Enron or Worldcomm employees do you think read this book?

On another note, I would ask that you do not take this book literally. It is laced with allegory and a ton of symbolism. Please take its contents and apply them to your life for the good of all.

[chellerystick · Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas]

Pretty dull going, even by audiobook. The narrators were great, though, and there were times that the footnotes saved me.

[msaucier818 · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

A very quick read of a classic. I had always been meaning to get around to this book, and I did not realize how short it was. The version I have contains more commentary than the actual writing, and I did not bother with the commentary.

The book is basically a series of maxims that describe how to lead as a general at war. I think its appeal is universal, and many of the ideas can be applied as strategic thinking in other aspects of life. I don't think it was all that profound, but then again, its ideas have been used for centuries. It was nice to be able to read where a lot of them came from.

[deldevries · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

A classic! Well worth the read, and looking forward to reading again in the future.

[paven-14534 · Calificación: 1 de 5 estrellas]

Interesting if you are going to role play a general or ambitious warrior.

[colie77 · Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas]

I honestly have no idea why this is always on the list of must-read books. You are basically reading the bullet points of someone's strategic plan to win a battle. Meh. At least it was only an hour and a half.

[spoko_1 · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

Many of Sun Tzu's ideas are common-sense enough, but succinctly put here. It's a quick, easy read, so it's not hard to make the case that it's worth the time. But gliding through it effortlessly will make it difficult for the ideas to really stick. So I guess it's also easy to make the case for at least one re-read. I'll probably give it another go myself in the near future, but for now I'm happy with the bits and pieces I've gleaned. It certainly didn't change my life or anything, but then I didn't expect it to.

[cheryl_in_cc_nv · Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas]

Tempted to give it four stars because it is so much better than so much other Heinlein. But that's not worth much, actually. I did have to edit the blurb, however.

[whbiii · Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas]

Vapid martial homilies.

[lydia1879 · Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas]

“Move not unless you see an advantage, use not your troops unless there is something to be gained, fight not unless the position is critical.”

I read The Art of War by Sun Tzu through an app called Serial Reader, which breaks up longer books, novellas and short stories into manageable pieces that a reader can read in 12 minutes a day. I love to use Serial Reader when I’m waiting for the bus, in the line at the post office, whenever I feel like I have a few moments, but not necessarily long enough to take out a book and find my place.

I also really like Serial Reader because I tend to read things I wouldn’t otherwise read, but so far I’ve really enjoyed all the stories and novels that I’ve read.

I found The Art of War to be surprisingly readable, considering it was written around the 5th century, BCE and has been translated countless times since then. It’s much more philosophical than I had anticipated, and in a way, deeply spiritual.

Of course it’s dry. It is. It is an ancient military self-help book, none of it is relevant to me. There are lots of lists about the different kinds of ground an army might fight on, different types of weather, how to traverse it all.

And yet I found it interesting.

I appreciated that this translator (and, I suppose, author) warned against fighting at all. If you want to occupy a town, best to get the enemy to surrender to you painlessly, so that the town is in tact and nothing is destroyed. Sun Tzu really speaks to the desperation of war, how the last thing anyone wants to do in a war is fight, but if you have to fight, this is what you need to do.

I’m glad I read this text. I often found myself reading it and wondering about all the people, leaders, warriors, stay-at-home mothers who’d read it before, who were reading it with me. What did they learn from it? How did they feel reading it? Was it more relevant to their lives than it was to mine?

That, in and of itself, is a fascinating thing to think about, don’t you think?

[shahnareads · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

Defiantly some good tips in here. I can see why other countries armies are so well disciplined if they still use these tactics. Some of them could also work for dealing with people as well. Some handy things in here.

It's easy to read, but he repeats things a lot, and some of the sentence are worded strangely. And then, some lines are written like poetry.

It was a something different, and I'm glad I picked it up.

[lynnb_64 · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

I'm so glad I finally read this historic book. I found it very interesting and understand why it has been adapted to suit other fields -- notably management. And the version of the book I bought is beautiful in itself. Bound in traditional Chinese style, with each page folded in half and only printed on the outside. Hard to rate -- it is what it is as they say -- but I'm rating it highly because it has stood the test of time.

[spooks101-1 · Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas]

An enduring classic, an absolute must-read for every business person and military mind the world over.

[madepercy-1 · Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas]

I have read this several times in a variety of translations. This version is formatted like a poem and is a quick read. Interesting that Sun Tzu echoes many of the issues raised by Thucydides. I remember an Instructor Gunnery during my Regimental Officers Basic Course from the United States artillery beginning every lesson with: "Sun Tzu says...". And, "If a 155 round lands on a tank, the tank is toast". So much in such a short book and it was quite possibly written before Thucydides was born.

[beammey · Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas]

I wasn't sure what to expect when I picked up this book, to be honest. I just made a promise to myself I would read more classics and this was a short one to get in so I can reach my reading goal. However, I ended up really, really enjoying it. I'm not a soldier by any stretch of the imagination, but there is good, solid advice in this book that is still relevant thousands of years after it was written. It's worth a read for sure, and it's so short you can get through it quickly. I would recommend it. 5 out of 5 stars.

[kamgeb · Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas]

During a sermon, the rabbi talked about this book and said that it was really a philosophy on how to live life. When I started reading it, I saw that it really is a book on how to wage war. Definitely not what I expected and definitely not a book I would ever want to read.

[jculkin-1 · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

I read this and let my mind wander a little, but not too much. Invariably whatever I think about mixes with the words, and elegant, clear observations come out. It's like guided meditation.

[michael_rose-1 · Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas]

The version I have also has a second section for commentaries on all the passages. It's an incredibly useful and insightful book, and not necessarily just for literal war.

[areadingmachine · Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas]

Everyone should read this.

It tells you as much about motivation and human compunction than any other book Ive ever read. This should be required reading for teachers, businessmen, cops, everyone that every has to deal with a group of people in a possibly hostile setting.

[trilliams · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

It's amazing that this advice is still quite relevant 2500 years after the fact. Some of it, of course, isn't, but that'll happen. The historical allusions in Giles' translation/commentary are pretty useful, though occasionally it gets really deep into Chinese history and you forget who you are and what you're reading. What dynasty are we in again?

[jimocracy · Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas]

The original book was interesting but the commentary portion of the book was insightful. I liked hearing perspective on Master Sun's work from other ancient military leaders.

[benuathanasia · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

Fascinating. My particular copy (an audiobook) included modern comparisons between each chapter which was horribly annoying. The observations in the book maintain their usefulness to the present.

[saltvand-1 · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

I decided to read The Art of War because of references to it in the best/only good general marketing book I read during my commerce education: Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning. I was curious to see why a modern marketing handbook would have references to a classic handbook in ancient warfare, and why The Art of War is such a famous book.

I can see now why the book is famous: it is because its warfare principles are generally applicable to competitive situations - including marketing and politics (maybe office politics too?)

I expected a heavy brick of an analytic strategy book, but it is the opposite: a thin, minimalist poetry book.

It is a piece of art. The pattern of words is aesthetically pleasing and produces vivid imagery of ancient armies moving and camping in harsh terrains; yet the strange scenery and poetic style conveys core strategic principles for competition with great accuracy.

Essentially, The Art of War encourages careful consideration of the dynamics of all situational variables (listing them), and discourages impulsive and dumb warfare, which is any warfare driven by an irrational motive, or which can not be won quickly with minimal loss.

[jvioland_1 · Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas]

Very fundamental axioms of strategies put forward by an ancient Chinese general. Influential even today not only in military matters but in the business world as well.

[mgeorge2755 · Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas]

Quite possibly the most influential book on military tactics of all time. I was incredibly surprised by its brevity. A must-read for any historian. 

[joeyee-4 · Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas]

Don't like this edition. The history is boring and confusing (chi, Ch'i, ch'i all mean different things) 1 star for the edition and history part.

The actual Art of War is good. 3 stars.

[dtn620 · Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas]

There was a lot of repetition in this book, but maybe it's to enforce some of the most important things to remember when conducting a war.

I was surprised by how much from this ancient text seems applicable today. I guess that can be chalked up to the knowledge and foresight of Sun Tzu, as well as our sad inability to change our violent ways.

One particular bit of text seemed particularly relevant:

When the army engages in protracted campaigns the resources of the state will not suffice.

Good advice.

[melissarochell-1 · Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas]

Classic, brilliant techniques put so simply. Yet, naturally, reading this as a modern day civilian, I applied it to my modern day battles such as in business, relationships, Los Angeles traffic...the typical. As a naturally paranoid person, I feel it did me more harm than good. In addition, I prefer to (perhaps ignorantly) avoid seeing things as if they are wars. Some things will never change though because I will always act shy and giggle right before I slaughter my enemy.