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Candido, o El Optimismo
Candido, o El Optimismo
Candido, o El Optimismo
Libro electrónico147 páginas2 horas

Candido, o El Optimismo

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Fecha de lanzamiento1 ene 1918
Candido, o El Optimismo
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Voltaire

Voltaire was the pen name of François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778)a French philosopher and an author who was as prolific as he was influential. In books, pamphlets and plays, he startled, scandalized and inspired his age with savagely sharp satire that unsparingly attacked the most prominent institutions of his day, including royalty and the Roman Catholic Church. His fiery support of freedom of speech and religion, of the separation of church and state, and his intolerance for abuse of power can be seen as ahead of his time, but earned him repeated imprisonments and exile before they won him fame and adulation.

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  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Zeker mooiste verhaal van Voltaire. Episodisch opgebouwd, maar met duidelijke lijn: de Bildung van Candide; ontluistering van het verhaal van Pangloss en tussendoor de traditionele stokpaardjes van Voltaire.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Frank McLynn's work 1759: The Year Britain Became Master of the World mentioned a good deal about Voltaire, as did Leo Dramrosch's Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius. This is my first Voltaire and I was surprised by how small the novella is relative to its historical impact. This has led me to purchase Edmund Burke's A Philosophical Enquiry into the Sublime and Beautiful and to take up Tristram Shandy again. Candide and Tristram Shandy were, of course, both published in 1759 so the linkages with my earlier reading are apparent, if unintended. If anything I have gained from Candide confirmation of the idea of tending one's own garden, not to mention a burning desire to remove all further naivety from my very being.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    This tiny little book took me 8 days to read. Not because it was boring, the writing is just harder to read in this day and age (to me anyway).
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    This is my second read of Candide. I was inspired to do so after reading a biography of Voltaire. I enjoyed the book more, I think, with more of the context of Voltaire's life...or maybe I'm just older and wiser!This isn't my kind of book....too much plot, not enough character development. But, like many reviewers, I think the book raises issues that remain relevant today, and that made it thought-provoking. A true classic.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    A dark, comic, and biting satire. Whenever I revisit Candide, I always find Voltaire is making points which are relevant to contemporary events,
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Still funny, this sarcastic, cynical tale about the innocent young man learning about the ways of the world the hard way. "Why then was the world created?" " To drive us mad!"
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    In a constant barrage of hilarious, yet fairly accurate to history horror show: another war between the french and the english, the Lisbon earthquake and the inquisition's response to it, colonialism; Candide barely survives "this best of all possible worlds" according to his philosophy professor and a popular doctrine of the time period proposed by Leibniz (the argument not being that this world is free of evil, but given our species, it's the best we can achieve - for if we were capable of optimizing our world in any facet, God would have created that one instead). His experiences teach him that humanity is shit overall:"Do you believe that men have always slaughtered each other as they do today, that they've always been liars, cheats, traitors, ingrates and thieves, weak, fickle, cowardly, envious, greedy, drunken, miserly, ambitious, bloodthirsty, slanderous, lecherous, fanatical, hypocritical and foolish?Do you believe that hawks have always eaten pigeons when they find them?"But in too small doses it does redeem itself individually. He ends with hope."Man cannot obliterate the cruelty of the universe, but by prudence he can shield certain small confines from that cruelty." Cultivate your garden!Pretty keen on Voltaire now.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Great book. However, the Bantam Classic edition is only an ok translation. I got my copy for cheap. It tells the story but I'm sure there are other more scholarly translations I would choose if I were to read it again.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Zeker mooiste verhaal van Voltaire. Episodisch opgebouwd, maar met duidelijke lijn: de Bildung van Candide; ontluistering van het verhaal van Pangloss en tussendoor de traditionele stokpaardjes van Voltaire.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Interesting satire - wonderful narration.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    This book was pretty funny. I didn't understand most of the satire being that it was written well before my time, but I got the overall sense that it was humorous and quite enjoyable.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Tragedy and comedy presented in sharp contrast satirising the optimism of certain philosophies.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    A complete and utter failure! Voltaire presents us with the premise that this is the best of all possible worlds, but only evil befalls his poor characters: scandal, conscription, rape, murder, pillage, mutilation, disease, disaster, inquisition, genocide, adultery, slavery, shipwreck, kicks in the backside, you name it. What the author was thinking of, I can scarcely imagine. I'm going back to my garden now.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Wish I knew what everyone sees in this one. I've known a few people who have claimed this as one of their favorite works, and to me, anyway, this book appears so slight when compared with other classical works. But then, allegory was never my favorite form of literature. I can completely understand Balzac, or Zola, or Flaubert. They were amazing writers, and you can get something new out of them with each reading, I think, depending upon what stage you are at in your own life. But it seems like there is a trend in French literature - the spare and esoteric work, the one that says, "this may not look like much, but it has Layers." I'm thinking especially of The Little Prince, this work, and possibly all of Camus. It may be very worthy. I'm sure the fault is mine here. But I just don't get it.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    I think that Candide is probably the type of book that enriches the reader the deeper he or she delves into it. It would probably reward repeated readings. It would probably reveal deeper layers of satire and absurdity if it were read in the original French. It would probably take on deeper shades of meaning if it were read in conjunction with any of the commentaries that have been written about it over the past 250-odd years.

    Having said that, I'm not going to do any of those things. I have way too many books on my plate to reread this book any time in the next year; the limits of my French (one year of college French, an ex-wife who was fluent) would make reading it in that language a brutal, dictionary-in-hand chore; and I generally dislike reading books about books, so commentaries are right out.

    So, I didn't dig too deeply into Candide, instead just reading it as the absurd tale it was, not looking for too much meaning beyond the surface. And you know what? I enjoyed it thoroughly. It was like Forrest Gump, only with a little less faith in humanity and a lot more murder, rape, cannibalism, zoophilia, and child prostitution. It was full of pitch-black humor, and the breezy, matter-of-fact way in which some of the horrific situations were described only served to make it funnier.

    Unsurprisingly, this was a super dark book, and an angry one, full of scathing satire. It served up a double middle finger salute to pretty much everyone: nobility, clergy, self-styled intellectuals, real intellectuals, commoners, the French, the Germans, the English - nobody escapes Voltaire's poison pen. Virtually everyone is portrayed as stupid, dishonest, self-serving, small-minded, and hypocritical. Religion and government receive the brunt of Voltaire's onslaught; it isn't hard to see why this book was banned in so many places for so many years - even well into the 20th century in parts of the United States.

    This was a fast, hilarious, exhilaratingly bitter read, and just the thing to top off your misanthropy tank if it's ever running low. Fine family fun!
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    This was not at all what I thought it would be. The read was interesting, and heavy on the satire. The theme is easily understood and carried throughout the work, and it's a relatively quick read. Read this if you have a couple of hours to spare.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    The Baron's lady weighed about three hundred and fifty pounds, and was therefore a person of great consideration.One day when Cunegonde was walking near the castle, in a little wood which was called the Park, she observed Doctor Pangloss in the bushes, giving a lesson in experimental physics to her mother's waiting-maid, a very pretty and docile brunette. Mademoiselle Cunegonde had a great inclination for science and watched breathlessly the reiterated experiments she witnessed; she observed clearly the Doctor's sufficient reason, the effects and the causes, and returned home very much excited, pensive, filled with the desire of learning, reflecting that she might be the sufficient reason of young Candide and he might be hers.Candide that he was a young metaphysician, extremely ignorant of the things of this world...Candide, who trembled like a philosopher, hid himself as well as he could during this heroic butchery.Pangloss made answer in these terms: "Oh, my dear Candide, you remember Paquette, that pretty wench who waited on our noble Baroness; in her arms I tasted the delights of paradise, which produced in me those hell torments with which you see me devoured; she was infected with them, she is perhaps dead of them. This present Paquette received of a learned Grey Friar, who had traced it to its source; he had had it of an old countess, who had received it from a cavalry captain, who owed it to a marchioness, who took it from a page, who had received it from a Jesuit, who when a novice had it in a direct line from one of the companions of Christopher Columbus. For my part I shall give it to nobody, I am dying."Our men defended themselves like the Pope's soldiers; they flung themselves upon their knees, and threw down their arms,"Oh! what a superior man," said Candide below his breath. "What a great genius is this Pococurante! Nothing can please him." "But is there not a pleasure," said Candide,[Pg 141] "in criticising everything, in pointing out faults where others see nothing but beauties?" "That is to say," replied Martin, "that there is some pleasure in having no pleasure."Instantly Candide sent for a Jew, to whom he sold for fifty thousand sequins a diamond worth a hundred thousand, though the fellow swore to him by Abraham that he could give him no more."I know also," said Candide, "that we must cultivate our garden." "You are right," said Pangloss, "for when man was first placed in the Garden of Eden, he was put there ut operaretur eum, that he might cultivate it; which shows that man was not born to be idle." "Let us work," said Martin, "without disputing; it is the only way to render life tolerable."
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    For good reason, Candide is considered one of the true "must reads." Centuries after its writing, the book remains current not only in its concise, easy reading style, but also in its message about human nature. An all time favorite.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    First of all, let me be clear of one thing: I do recognize the historical importance of this book, but what I'm about to write is a judgement based only on my view as a "casual" reader rather than a book critical or anything of that sort. I will state my opinion of the book regarding what I thought about it reading it as a fiction, not as a satire or a critique to the society and such. Therefore, I'm disregarding the historical background. As one of the characters said (though not exactly with his words), I only read what pleases me because I can actually have fun doing it. Difficult reading does not appeal me at all.

    That being said, I'll tell you that I was somewhat surprised. Since this book seems to be mandatory reading for some schools throughout the world, I was already expecting something horribly boring (and I'll admit some parts dragged very, very slowly), but the reading was less painful than I thought it was going to be. In fact, at the beginning of the book I was actually smiling, because the situations Candide got himself into were hilarious in a tragic way (and vice-versa). After a while, the occurrences start getting repetitive and somewhat annoying. Candide's naivety becomes tiring, but at least the other characters are pretty decent, always trying to put him back on the right way.

    Although it isn't my favorite kind of book, even if you read it as a regular fiction, Candide is somewhat a "light" reading. It's easy to understand, it's short (thank goodness) and it doesn't get lost in details and descriptions. Not bad.
  • Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas
    2/5
    Should be renamed Job. Geez, what else was supposed to happen to this guy? And everyone in his life kept getting killed and then turning up again. Not my cup of tea even as a satire.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Historically interesting satire against the set of France's enlightenment period. Main character is just what it says - candid. Great if you love philosophy.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Although I was familiar with the story of Candide from having seen the musical based on it in Stratford, Ontario some time ago, I had never read the book. My library's electronic media site had a copy available as an audiobook so I thought I would give it a try. It's fantastical, satirical but fun to listen to so I'm glad I did.Candide was brought up in a German castle by his uncle, the Baron Thunder-ten-Tronckh, with his uncle's children, Cunegonde and her brother. They are tutored by Dr. Pangloss who espouses optimism and tells his charges that they live in the best of all possible worlds and that whatever happens is for the best. Candide loves Cunegonde but when he is found kissing her his uncle throws him out of the castle. Soon after the castle is attacked. Pangloss escaped and he is reunited by happenstance with Candide. Pangloss tells Candide that everyone, including Cunegonde, was killed in the attack. Pangloss and Candide end up in the hands of the Catholic Inquisition in Lisbon where they are sentenced to death but Candide escapes as a result of a "lucky" earthquake. However, he saw Pangloss hung so he is despondent. Then he finds Cunegonde alive although prostituting herself and Candide rescues her. They leave for the New World where Candide and Cunegonde are separated once again and Candide has more near-misses with death. And on and on it goes with people who were thought to be dead turning up alive more often than you can imagine. Eventually Candide rejects Pangloss's philosophy of optimism. Instead he believes "we must all cultivate our garden".My take on this is that we should work to determine our own future and not rely on fate to work things out for us. I think I tend to this philosophy as well but it is certainly a question that has puzzled people throughout the ages.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Voltaire wrote this under a pseudonym as a satyrical critique to the popular philosophy of the day whereby we live in the best possilble world. It reads as a (rather long) series of atrocities and misfortunes that happen to just about every person Candice encounters during his rather curious adventures.
    An interesting read in it's historical and philosophical context, but rather tough read without it.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    Loved it!!! Can't believe how something written more than 250 years ago is so relavent to today's society. Voltaire is brilliant and his satirical, cutting humor - spot on!!
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    All is well? All is for the best, in this best of all worlds? Think again, says Voltaire, in this satirical, comical refutation of institutional dogma. Globe-hopping outlandishness. Easy to see how this beacon of enlightenment ran afoul of the ecclesiastical muckity mucks. This Penguin Deluxe edition includes a fine introduction and insightful endnotes. Also in the appendices: portions of his "Philosophical Dictionary" and the entire text of his poem, "The Lisbon Earthquake".
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Finally got around to reading this - it is one part satire, one part comedy, and one part ethical quandary. And... it is quite short and easy to read. Here we have poor Candide - who spends his whole life following the advice of Dr. Pangloss. Poor Candide - he loves the Lady Cunegonde, and she loves him, which gets him in trouble with his lord, and sets him on the path of black comedy.This book isn't pleasant to read. At times, it is quite dark. Its written to demonstrate a point. Which is 'happiness isn't given to you - you make it'. There are also ethical quandaries about war and the the noble class. Poor Candide - he is an idiot- afloat in a sea spending.I do think that this book has layers upon layers of meaning - It will be a book I intend to re-read and see its meaning changes.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    It's a sweet little satire. Easy and fun, it reads like a fable. I'm not sure that I get the more complicated satirical meanings - seeing as how it was written in the eighteen century... but it's definitely full of quips that you could use.
  • Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas
    2/5
    I know that I'm supposed to love Candide. I know that it is a classic and brilliant and satirical and everything else that has ever been said about it. Really, I do know that but I just didn't like it.

    I get that Voltaire was trying to prove a point with the adventures and beliefs of Candide but the story was just so negative. I felt so bad for poor Candide. It was hard for me to continue reading knowing that Candide was just going to have more outrageously horrible things happen to him.

    Before you yell at me, remember that I know the purpose of Candide's story. Voltaire was living during a time of great philosophical thought and he was using this story to satirize the politics and religious fervor of the mid eighteenth century. I just felt that as a novel (novella?) it was not very enjoyable. Voltaire comes across as so negative. I may read Candide a second time (especially when I am not dealing with the flu) and give Voltaire a second chance to charm me.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Wow, LOL. This book in some ways reminded me of Carroll's Through the Looking Glass & Wonderland. It was truly a fantastically spun tale of grave misfortune, meetings by chance, the strength of a love, & the ending in a quiet place where to work is to be happy. It's actually QUITE funny in places, but the telling can be so far fetched that you may have to put it down a time or two, walk away, clear your head, then come back, even though it is a very short piece!
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Entertaining, satirical, short. Feels like a 100-page YouTube comment troll. We should all be so fortunate as to accidentally kill someone and then find out they're still alive.

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Candido, o El Optimismo - Voltaire

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Title: Candido, o El Optimismo

Author: Voltaire

Release Date: December, 2004 [EBook #7109] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on March 10, 2003]

Edition: 10

Language: Spanish

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CANDIDO, O EL OPTIMISMO ***

Produced by Tom Richards, Arno Peters, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.

CANDIDO,

Ó

EL OPTIMISMO,

VERSION DEL ORIGINAL TUDESCO DEL DR. RALPH,

Con las adiciones que se han hallado en los papeles del Doctor, despues de su fallecimiento en Minden, el año 1759 de nuestra redencion.

CAPITULO PRIMERO.

Donde se da cuenta de como fué criado Candido en una hermosa quinta, y como de ella fué echado á patadas.

En la quinta del Señor baron de Tunderten-tronck, título de la Vesfalia, vivia un mancebo que habia dotado de la índole mas apacible naturaleza. Víase en su fisonomía su alma: tenia bastante sano juicio, y alma muy sensible; y por eso creo que le llamaban Candido. Sospechaban los criados antiguos de la casa, que era hijo de la hermana del señor baron, y de un honrado hidalgo, vecino suyo, con quien jamas consintió en casarse la doncella, visto que no podia probar arriba de setenta y un quarteles, porque la injuria de los tiempos habia acabado con el resto de su árbol genealógico.

Era el señor baron uno de los caballeros mas poderosos de la Vesfalia; su quinta tenia puerta y ventanas, y en la sala estrado habia una colgadura. Los perros de su casa componian una xauria quando era menester; los mozos de su caballeriza eran sus picadores, y el teniente-cura del lugar su primer capellan: todos le daban señoría, y se echaban á reir quando decia algun chiste.

La señora baronesa que pesaba unas catorce arrobas, se habia grangeado por esta prenda universal respeto, y recibia las visitas con una dignidad que la hacia aun mas respetable. Cunegunda, su hija, doncella de diez y siete años, era rolliza, sana, de buen color, y muy apetitosa muchacha; y el hijo del baron en nada desdecia de su padre. El oráculo de la casa era el preceptor Panglós, y el chicuelo Candido escuchaba sus lecciones con toda la docilidad propia de su edad y su carácter.

Demostrado está, decia Panglós, que no pueden ser las cosas de otro modo; porque habiéndose hecho todo con un fin, no puede ménos este de ser el mejor de los fines. Nótese que las narices se hiciéron para llevar anteojos, y por eso nos ponemos anteojos; las piernas notoriamente para las calcetas, y por eso se traen calcetas; las piedras para sacarlas de la cantera y hacer quintas, y por eso tiene Su Señoría una hermosa quinta; el baron principal de la provincia ha de estar mas bien aposentado que otro ninguno: y como los marranos naciéron para que se los coman, todo el año comemos tocino. De suerte que los que han sustentado que todo está bien, han dicho un disparate, porque debian decir que todo está en el último ápice de perfeccion.

Escuchábale Candido con atención, y le creía con inocencia, porque la señorita Cunegunda le parecía un dechado de lindeza, puesto que nunca habia sido osado á decírselo. Sacaba de aquí que despues de la imponderable dicha de ser baron de Tunder-ten-tronck, era el segundo grado el de ser la señorita Cunegunda, el tercero verla cada dia, y el quarto oir al maestro Panglós, el filósofo mas aventajado de la provincia, y por consiguiente del orbe entero.

Paseándose un dia Cunegunda en los contornos de la quinta por un tallar que llamaban coto, por entre unas matas vio al doctor Panglós que estaba dando lecciones de física experimental á la doncella de labor de su madre, morenita muy graciosa, y no ménos dócil. La niña Cunegunda tenia mucha disposicion para aprender ciencias; observó pues sin pestañear, ni hacer el mas mínimo ruido, las repetidas experiencias que ámbos hacian; vió clara y distintamente la razon suficiente del doctor, sus causas y efectos, y se volvió desasosegada y pensativa, preocupada del anhelo de adquirir ciencia, y figurándose que podía muy bien ser ella la razón suficiente de Candido, y ser este la suya.

De vuelta á la quinta encontró á Candido, y se abochornó, y Candido se puso también colorado. Saludóle Cunegunda con voz trémula, y correspondió Candido sin saber lo que se decia. El dia siguiente, despues de comer, al levantarse de la mesa, se encontraron detras de un biombo Candido y Cunegunda; esta dexó caer el pañuelo, y Candido le alzó del suelo; ella le cogió la mano sin malicia, y sin malicia Candido estampó un beso en la de la niña, pero con tal gracia, tanta viveza, y tan tierno cariño, qual no es ponderable; topáronse sus bocas, se inflamáron sus ojos, les tembláron las rodillas, y se les descarriáron las manos…. En esto estaban quando acertó á pasar por junto al biombo el señor barón de Tunder-ten-tronck, y reparando en tal causa y tal efecto, sacó á Candido fuera de la quinta á patadas en el trasero. Desmayóse Cunegunda; y quando volvió en sí, le dió la señora baronesa una mano de azotes; y reynó la mayor consternación en la mas hermosa y deleytosa quinta de quantas exîstir pueden.

CAPITULO II.

De lo que sucedió á Candido con los Búlgaros.

Arrojado Candido del paraiso terrenal fué andando mucho tiempo sin saber adonde se encaminaba, lloroso, alzando los ojos al cielo, y volviéndolos una y mil veces á la quinta que la mas linda de las baronesitas encerraba; al fin se acostó sin cenar, en mitad del campo entre dos surcos. Caía la nieve á chaparrones, y al otro dia Candido arrecido llegó arrastrando como pudo al pueblo inmediato llamado Valdberghof-trabenk-dik-dorf, sin un ochavo en la faltriquera, y muerto de hambre y fatiga. Paróse lleno de pesar á la puerta de una taberna, y repararon en el dos hombres con vestidos azules. Cantarada, dixo uno, aquí tenemos un gallardo mozo, que tiene la estatura que piden las ordenanzas. Acercáronse al punto á Candido, y le convidáron á comer con mucha cortesía. Caballeros, les dixo Candido con la mas sincera modestia, mucho favor me hacen vms., pero no tengo para pagar mi parte. Caballero, le dixo uno de los azules, los sugetos de su facha y su mérito nunca pagan. ¿No tiene vm. dos varas y seis dedos? Sí, señores, esa es mi estatura, dixo haciéndoles una cortesía. Vamos, caballero, siéntese vm. á la mesa, que no solo pagarémos, sino que no consentirémos que un hombre como vm. ande sin dinero; que entre gente honrada nos hemos de socorrer unos á otros. Razón tienen vms., dixo Candido; así me lo ha dicho mil veces el señor Panglós, y ya veo que todo está perfectísimo. Le ruegan que admita unos escudos; los toma, y quiere dar un vale; pero no se le quieren, y se sientan á la mesa.—¿No quiere vm. tiernamente?… Sí, Señores, respondió Candido, con la mayor ternura quiero á la baronesita Cunegunda. No preguntamos eso, le dixo uno de aquellos dos señores, sino si quiere vm. tiernamente al rey de los Bulgaros. No por cierto, dixo, porque no le he visto en mi ida.—Vaya, pues es el mas amable de los reyes, ¿Quiere vm. que brindemos á su salud?—Con mucho gusto, señores; y brinda. Basta con eso, le dixéron, ya es vm. el apoyo, el defensor, el adalid y el héroe de los Bulgaros; tiene segura su fortuna, y afianzada su gloria. Echáronle al punto un grillete al pié, y se le lleváron al regimiento, donde le hiciéron volverse á derecha y á izquierda, meter la baqueta, sacar la baqueta, apuntar, hacer fuego, acelerar el paso, y le diéron treinta palos: al otro dia hizo el exercicio algo ménos jual, y no le diéron mas de veinte; al tercero, llevó solamente diez, y le tuviéron sus camaradas por un portento.

Atónito Candido aun no podia entender bien de qué modo era un héroe. Púsosele en la cabeza un dia de primavera irse á paseo, y siguió su camino derecho, presumiendo que era prerogativa de la especie humana, lo mismo que de la especie animal, el servirse de sus piernas á su antojo. Mas apénas había andado dos leguas, quando héteme otros quatro héroes de dos varas y tercia, que me lo agarran, me le atan, y me le llevan á un calabozo, Preguntáronle luego jurídicamente si queria mas pasar treinta y seis veces por baquetas de todo el regimiento, ó recibir una vez sola doce balazos en la mollera. Inútilmente alegó que las voluntades eran libres, y que no queria ni una cosa ni otra, fué forzoso que escogiese; y en virtud de la dádiva de Dios que llaman libertad, se resolvió á pasar treinta y seis veces baquetas, y sufrió dos tandas. Componíase el regimiento de dos mil hombres, lo qual hizo justamente quatro mil baquetazos que de la nuca al trasero le descubriéron músculos y nervios. Iban á proceder á la tercera tanda, quando Candido no pudiendo aguantar mas pidió por favor que se le hicieran de levantarle la tapa de los sesos; y habiendo conseguido tan señalada merced, le estaban vendando los ojos, y le hacían hincarse de rodillas, quando acertó á pasar el rey de los Bulgaros, que informándose del delito del paciente, como era este rey sugeto de mucho ingenio, por todo quanto de Candido le dixéron, echó de ver que era un aprendiz de metafísica muy bisoño en las cosas de este

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